Retinal Implants
Next-generation retinal implants are vision prostheses that use high-density microelectrode arrays placed either epiretinally (on the surface of the retina) or subretinally (beneath the retina) to stimulate surviving retinal cells in people with retinal degenerative diseases, paired with smart glasses that capture visual information from the environment and process it into stimulation patterns. Companies like Pixium Vision and Second Sight are developing these systems to provide pattern vision for patients with conditions like retinitis pigmentosa, where the photoreceptor cells die but other retinal cells remain functional, enabling the restoration of some visual function by directly stimulating the retina to create phosphene patterns that the brain can interpret as vision.
This innovation addresses vision loss from retinal degenerative diseases, where the photoreceptors (light-sensing cells) are lost but other parts of the visual system remain functional. By stimulating surviving retinal cells, these implants can restore some vision. The technology is being developed for conditions like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
The technology is particularly significant for people with retinal degenerative diseases, where restoring vision could dramatically improve quality of life. As the technology improves, it could provide better vision restoration. However, achieving high resolution, creating natural visual perception, and managing long-term stability remain challenges. The technology represents an important approach to vision restoration, but requires continued development to achieve the resolution and quality needed for practical use. Success could restore vision for people with retinal diseases, but the technology must overcome challenges in creating high-quality visual perception and maintaining long-term functionality. The field has faced challenges, with some companies like Second Sight discontinuing products, highlighting the difficulty of creating effective vision prostheses.
