Hindsight · review build · data not yet validated
Significant progress is being made in understanding the information processing basis of disease.
Grader A: hit
Research into the genetic and molecular information basis of disease advanced strongly. The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, and genome-wide association studies and cancer genome projects identified many disease-linked variants in 2005-2009.
Test: Research-activity test: HGP complete 2003; GWAS era 2005-2009 identified variants for common diseases.
Grader B: hit
The Human Genome Project was completed in April 2003. Genomics, gene-expression profiling and molecular pathway research then advanced fast through 2009, including genome-wide association studies and cancer genome sequencing. Understanding of disease as a failure of biological information processing (genes, signaling) made significant progress.
Test: Not an adoption claim. Test: significant progress in the molecular/informational basis of disease by 2009. The human genome sequence was completed in 2003 and accelerated the study of human biology and medicine.