Hindsight · review build · data not yet validated
Nonetheless, the core process of creating written language is less affected by intelligent software technologies than the visual and musical arts. However, “cybernetic” authors are emerging.
Grader A: hit
Both parts held. Core writing stayed a human activity with less software influence than music or visual work. Automated authors did emerge: Thomson Reuters automated financial stories from 2006, and Narrative Science, StatSheet and Automated Insights produced machine-written articles around 2010.
Test: Emergence test: machine-written news in commercial use from 2006 (Thomson Reuters) and around 2010 (StatSheet, Narrative Science).
Grader B: hit
Both parts held. Creative writing was far less changed by software than music and visual production were. 'Cybernetic' authors appeared in a narrow form: Narrative Science (founded 2010) and Automated Insights produced automated sports and finance stories. AP began automated earnings stories in 2014, and the LA Times Quakebot published in 2014. Automated authorship was emerging by 2010-2011.
Test: Test: automated authors exist and are emerging (not mainstream) by 2011. Narrative Science was founded in 2010; AP and LA Times automated stories began in 2014.