Hindsight · review build · data not yet validated
After decades of ineffective attempts, useful navigation devices have been introduced that can assist blind people in avoiding physical obstacles in their path, and finding their way around, using global positioning system (“GPS”) technology.
Grader A: partial
Useful GPS navigation devices for the blind existed in 2009: the HumanWare Trekker Breeze ($895, reviewed March 2009) announced streets, intersections and landmarks and guided users back on route. But GPS devices did not help avoid physical obstacles, and urban signal loss limited them.
Test: Existence plus function test: GPS way-finding for blind users introduced (met, 2008-2009); obstacle avoidance by GPS devices (not met).
Grader B: hit
Talking GPS devices for blind travelers were on sale: Trekker (reviewed 2003), BrailleNote GPS, and Trekker Breeze ($895, reviewed March 2009). They did not detect obstacles, but the main claim of useful GPS wayfinding devices is met.
Test: Availability test: multiple commercial products by 2003-2009.