Computers play central role in education

Grader A: hit

By 2009 computers were used in most parts of US schooling: 94% of teachers used grade systems, 96% used word processing, 94% used the internet, and most teachers had students use technology to practice skills and prepare text. 'All facets' is an overstatement, but the central role is supported.

Test: Routine use by at least 20% of schools/teachers: 90%+ of teachers used computers for grades, attendance, preparation and instruction (NCES 2009).

• Teachers' Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools: 2009 (NCES 2010-040) (2010-05): 94% had grade systems, 96% used word processing, 94% used the internet for instruction or administration.

Grader B: partial

Computers were present in nearly all schools (3.1:1 ratio) but were a supplement, not central to all facets of instruction, in 2009.

Test: Share test: computer access near-universal; computer-centered instruction a minority practice (>5%, <majority).

• NCES: Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools: Fall 2008 (2010-04): Fall 2008: 3.1 students per internet-connected instructional computer; 97% of schools had computers in classrooms; 58% had laptops on carts; whole-school wireless 39%, partial 30%.