Next-generation neuropharmacology

Grader A: hit

Target-specific neuro drugs reached market well before 2025: anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody erenumab (FDA May 2018), esketamine (2019), and muscarinic-targeted xanomeline-trospium (FDA Sept 2024). The label is broad; any faithful reading is met.

Test: D37 Horizons: new mechanism-targeted neuro drugs prescribable to ordinary patients by 2025 (earlier counts).

• FDA approves novel preventive treatment for migraine (2018-05-17): Aimovig, first drug in a new class targeting the CGRP pathway, approved for prescription use.

Grader B: hit

The label is broad. Mechanistically novel, more selective CNS drugs reached patients near the mark: esketamine (2019), zuranolone (2023) and the muscarinic xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy, Sept 2024), the first new antipsychotic mechanism in decades. Graded hit, but the vagueness of 'next-generation' makes this low-certainty.

Test: Such drugs were approved and prescribable by 2025 (earlier counts).

• FDA Approves Drug with New Mechanism of Action for Treatment of Schizophrenia (2024-09-26): Cobenfy approved, targeting muscarinic receptors rather than dopamine receptors.
• FDA Approves First Oral Treatment for Postpartum Depression (2023-08-04): Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid GABA-A modulator, approved.