AR surgery assistance starts to affect health care around 2020
Grader A: partial
Grader B: partial
agrees with A, without seeing its verdict
Audit: confirmed
in the fixed audit sample (D11)
Published: partial
Grader A: partial
Augmedics xvision, the first FDA-cleared AR surgical headset (2019), did its first US case in 2020 and reached 5,000 then 10,000 spine cases by April 2025 across 26 states; a tiny share of the hundreds of thousands of annual US spine fusions. Real use below 5%.
Test: D37 health: share of relevant patients, providers or procedures using it by 2022 (hit >=5%; partial <5% real use by 2022 or 5% in 2023-2025; miss no real use by 2025); relevant: surgical procedures (e.g. spine fusion)
Grader B: partial
Augmedics xvision was FDA-cleared Dec 2019, first US case June 2020, and reached 10,000 cumulative procedures only in April 2025; other AR systems are similarly small. Real routine use in some hospitals, far below 5% of spine surgeries (well over a million a year in the US).
Test: D37 health: >=5% of relevant (e.g. spine, navigated) procedures use AR guidance by 2022 = hit; real use below 5% = partial; none by 2025 = miss.