App-driven diagnostics

Grader A: hit

Population survey: about 13% of German adults had used a symptom-checker app for self-diagnosis; Apple Watch and Kardia AF-detection apps FDA-cleared 2018. Above 5% by about 2022. Uncertain whether symptom checkers count as diagnosis.

Test: D37 health: share of relevant patients, providers or procedures using it by 2022 (hit >=5%; partial <5% real use by 2022 or 5% in 2023-2025; miss no real use by 2025); relevant: adult population/patients

• Characteristics of Users and Nonusers of Symptom Checkers in Germany: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (2023): About 13% of German adults had used a symptom checker app
• User Experience of Symptom Checkers: A Systematic Review (2023): Symptom checker apps in widespread public use

Grader B: hit

A July 2022 representative-style German survey found 6.5% of adults had used symptom checkers; FDA-cleared app diagnostics (Apple Watch ECG AF detection, 2018; KardiaMobile) were in wide consumer use. Just above the 5% line by 2022; margin is thin.

Test: D37 health: >=5% of relevant users (adults seeking diagnosis) used app-based diagnostics by 2022 = hit.

• Characteristics of Users and Nonusers of Symptom Checkers in Germany: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (2023): Survey of 1,084 German residents, July 2022: 6.5% had used symptom checkers.
• About one-in-five Americans use a smart watch or fitness tracker (Pew) (2020-01-09): 21% of US adults use a smartwatch or fitness tracker, the platform for app-based ECG/AF checks.