3D-printed drugs

Grader A: partial

Spritam (levetiracetam), the first 3D-printed drug, was FDA-approved 2015 and sold from 2016. It and a few later products are niche; 3D-printed drugs are a negligible share of prescriptions.

Test: D37 health: share of relevant patients, providers or procedures using it by 2022 (hit >=5%; partial <5% real use by 2022 or 5% in 2023-2025; miss no real use by 2025); relevant: dispensed prescriptions

• FDA Approves First 3D-Printed Drug Product (2015-08-03): Spritam approved, first 3D-printed drug
• 3D Printing in Oral Drug Delivery: Technologies, Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives (2025): Review: few approved 3D-printed products; mostly research/pilot use

Grader B: partial

Spritam (levetiracetam), the first 3D-printed drug, was FDA-approved in 2015 and marketed; hospital pilots of printed personalised doses followed. Use is real but a tiny share of prescriptions.

Test: D37 health: >=5% of dispensed drugs or pharmacies by 2022 = hit; real but niche use = partial; none by 2025 = miss.

• Spritam (Wikipedia) (2026): First 3D-printed drug approved by FDA in 2015; no other approved printed drugs listed.