Perovskite Solar Cells
Metal-halide perovskites can be deposited via solution coating, vapor deposition, or slot-die printing onto glass, steel, or flexible polymers, unlocking low-temperature manufacturing and lightweight modules. Tandem stacks—perovskite-on-silicon or perovskite-on-perovskite—are surpassing 30% efficiency in labs, while CIGS and organic tandems target building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) where weight and aesthetics matter. Companies in China (LONGi, GCL), Europe (Oxford PV), and the US (Swift Solar) are building pilot lines to validate reliability under heat, humidity, and UV stress.
These modules enable curved façade cladding, semi-transparent skylights, and solar skins for vehicles or drones, expanding PV beyond utility-scale fields. Because perovskites absorb high-energy photons, tandems boost energy yield on hot days and reduce land use for solar farms. The technology dovetails with decentralized grids, agrivoltaics, and portable power systems that demand flexible, high-output panels.
Perovskites are TRL 6 but must overcome degradation, lead-leakage concerns, and encapsulation challenges. IEC standards are evolving to test ion migration and halide stability, while research pursues lead-free chemistries and self-healing layers. Policy support via manufacturing tax credits and BIPV mandates could accelerate commercialization, making perovskites a key lever for scaling global solar capacity.
