
Manufactures iron flow batteries for long-duration commercial and utility-scale energy storage applications.
A global leader in vanadium flow batteries, formed by the merger of redT energy and Avalon Battery.
Redflow
Australia · Company
Develops and manufactures zinc-bromine flow batteries for stationary energy storage applications.
Provides vanadium redox flow battery systems for microgrids and renewable energy storage.
CMBlu Energy
Germany · Company
Develops 'SolidFlow' batteries using organic electrolytes derived from lignin-based materials.
A global leader in the production of Bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wires.
Canada · Company
A manufacturer of vanadium redox flow batteries, majority-owned by Ivanhoe Electric, with significant operations in China.
Canada · Company
A vanadium mining company that vertically integrated by launching Largo Clean Energy to manufacture VRFB systems.
United States · Company
A battery manufacturer that has expanded into vanadium redox flow batteries for long-duration storage applications.
Belgium · Consortium
A global executive-led organization working to accelerate the decarbonization of the energy system through long duration energy storage.
Flow batteries pump liquid electrolytes through electrochemical stacks, decoupling power (stack size) from energy (tank volume). Vanadium redox, zinc-bromine, iron-chromium, and emerging organic or polysulfide chemistries deliver 4–12 hours of storage with minimal degradation, tens of thousands of cycles, and tolerance for high ambient temperatures—ideal for desert solar or tropical microgrids. Because electrolytes are stored in tanks, augmenting capacity is as simple as adding more fluid, and end-of-life recycling is straightforward.
Utilities deploy flow systems for daily shifting, transmission deferral, and black-start support, while mines and data centers leverage them for resilient microgrids without the fire risk of lithium-ion. Flow batteries can be sited indoors, operate at partial state of charge without harm, and maintain nameplate output even as they age. Companies such as Invinity, ESS Inc., Sumitomo Electric, Rongke Power, and Redflow are scaling manufacturing and offering energy-as-a-service contracts to overcome high capex.
The technology is TRL 7 but needs cost reductions in membranes, balance-of-plant, and electrolyte sourcing (vanadium price volatility). Standardization, modular balance-of-system packages, and supportive market signals for long-duration storage are critical. With IRA incentives and European capacity markets now open to non-lithium storage, flow batteries are poised to capture a meaningful share of multi-hour applications.