Regional (Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia) — The ASEAN Regional Payment Connectivity (RPC) initiative links national instant payment systems: Thailand's PromptPay, Singapore's PayNow, Indonesia's QRIS, Malaysia's DuitNow, and Cambodia's KHQR. The Thailand-Singapore linkage (2021) was the world's first bilateral real-time payment connection, reducing cross-border transfer times from days to seconds.
The system operates through QR codes — no app downloads, no international bank accounts, no SWIFT. A Thai tourist in Singapore scans a QR code, pays in baht, and the merchant receives Singapore dollars instantly. Japan is exploring integration by end of 2025, and the Philippines and Vietnam are next in the pipeline. This is payments integration at a speed and simplicity that Europe's SEPA took decades to approximate.
The strategic implications are profound: ASEAN is building a financial infrastructure layer that reduces dependence on SWIFT, US dollar clearing, and Western payment networks. If ASEAN's QR payment network extends to cover remittances (currently $80+ billion annually within ASEAN), it could displace Western Union and traditional correspondent banking entirely for intra-regional flows.