Space-based solar power (SBSP) proposes orbiting solar arrays that convert sunlight to electricity and beam it to ground receivers via microwaves or lasers. In geostationary orbit, satellites receive sunlight nearly 24 hours and avoid atmospheric absorption. Early research; no operational systems exist. Applications would include baseload power for Earth and space habitats.
Solar in space avoids day-night cycles and weather; beam transmission faces efficiency and safety challenges. Significant obstacles include launch cost (kilogram to orbit), assembly of massive structures in space, and beam conversion efficiency. Research continues into lightweight arrays, wireless power transmission, and cost reduction. SBSP remains a long-term vision; practical deployment would require dramatic advances in launch and in-space assembly.
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