France operates 56 nuclear reactors generating over 70% of its electricity — the highest nuclear share of any major economy. The fleet, built primarily in the 1970s-80s under a standardized design philosophy, gives France some of the lowest-carbon and lowest-cost electricity in Europe.
ASN (the nuclear safety authority) is approving lifetime extensions to 50-60 years for existing reactors, while EDF plans 6-14 new EPR2 reactors. The standardization approach — building many identical reactors rather than bespoke designs — reduced construction costs and enabled shared maintenance, training, and fuel cycle infrastructure.
France's nuclear fleet is a technology platform, not just a power source: it provides baseload electricity that stabilizes the European grid, produces medical isotopes, supports a domestic uranium enrichment capability, and maintains the engineering workforce for next-generation reactor programs. French nuclear exports (reactor technology, fuel services, safety consulting) generate billions in revenue annually.